Is your thyroid gland pulling the strings on your emotions?

We usually think of the thyroid gland as a metabolism regulator—but its influence reaches far beyond our energy levels. This small gland at the base of your neck has a surprising impact on your bones, heart, fertility… and yes, even your emotions.

Too much thyroid hormone? You might feel jittery, anxious, or on edge. Too little? You may experience low mood, brain fog, or a lack of motivation. But how does a gland responsible for hormones affect how we feel and think?

A closer look at the thyroid gland’s role

Located at the base of the neck, the thyroid gland produces two key hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are vital for a wide range of bodily functions, from regulating metabolism and body temperature to supporting protein production. But their impact doesn’t stop there—they also have a direct influence on brain activity. T3, in particular, is believed to help regulate levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, the brain chemicals that play a major role in mood and emotional balance.

Thyroid hormones also affect the blood-brain barrier, the protective filter that controls what gets in and out of the brain from the bloodstream. While the connection between thyroid issues and psychological symptoms is well documented, the exact biological pathways behind this link are still not fully understood. Research remains limited, but clinical observations consistently show that many people with thyroid disorders also experience mental health challenges.

Hypothyroidism: When everything slows down

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones. This slowdown affects the entire body. Physically, it can show up as fatigue, sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, slowed heart rate, hoarseness, and unexplained weight gain. But its emotional and cognitive effects can be just as challenging.

People with hypothyroidism often report depression, a lack of motivation, trouble concentrating, memory lapses, and a general feeling of mental fog. Tasks that used to feel easy might suddenly seem overwhelming. For older adults, the symptoms can sometimes resemble more serious conditions like psychosis or deep lethargy.

If these signs sound familiar, don’t ignore them. A simple blood test can determine whether your thyroid is underactive, and a healthcare professional can help adjust your treatment accordingly.

Hyperthyroidism: When everything speeds up

Hyperthyroidism is what happens when the thyroid goes into overdrive, producing too many hormones. This hormonal surplus can trigger a range of physical symptoms—like rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, tremors, insomnia, and unexplained weight loss.

On the mental and emotional side, hyperthyroidism often shows up as intense anxiety, irritability, emotional instability, and difficulty focusing. You might feel like you're in overdrive all the time—mentally and physically.

In older adults, the picture can look a little different. Rather than heightened emotions, hyperthyroidism might present as depression, emotional blunting, or cognitive symptoms that can resemble dementia.

If any of this resonates with you, talk to a healthcare provider. A simple blood test can confirm what’s going on, and effective treatments are available.

Does thyroid impact vary from person to person?

Yes and no. Thyroid disorders affect women far more often—about five times more than men. But regardless of gender, people tend to report similar mental health effects, from mood changes to brain fog and emotional sensitivity.

How the medical journey affects mental health

Sometimes, it’s not just the symptoms of the disease—it’s the process of managing it that takes a toll. Facing the reality of lifelong medication, medical procedures, or the uncertainty of your long-term health can bring its own kind of emotional weight.

If you're feeling overwhelmed, you’re not alone. Support groups and mental health resources can help you find community and guidance along the way.

Is there a link between the thyroid gland and postpartum depression?

Research has explored the role of thyroid antibodies—particularly those that attack the gland—in cases of postpartum depression. A connection has been found, though no treatment targeting thyroid function has yet proven effective at preventing or reducing these episodes.

What to do if you’re worried

If you’ve previously been diagnosed with a thyroid condition, your pharmacist can help monitor your levels with blood tests and adjust your medication as needed.

However, if you haven’t been diagnosed but are experiencing symptoms like depression, anxiety, or cognitive issues, it’s worth checking in with a doctor. With the proper diagnosis, you can begin a treatment plan that addresses both the physical and mental sides of the issue.