Tendinitis

Tendons are fibrous bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendinitis is defined as an inflammation or irritation of a tendon that can cause stiffness, swelling and pain. The most commonly affected areas are the shoulder, the elbow, the hip, the knee, the heel and the base of the thumb. It usually disappears within a few weeks to a few months.

Causes and triggers

Tendinitis is often caused by an injury or overuse of a joint due to repetitive movements at work or in sports. Improper repetitive movements as well as inadequate footwear or equipment can also be responsible for causing tendinitis.

Moreover, adults and the elderly are more likely to suffer from tendinitis due to the tendon wear. Some medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, predispose individuals to tendinitis. Also, some medications may increase the risk of tendinitis.

Symptoms

The main symptom associated with tendinitis is pain. Stiffness and mild swelling may also be present. Pain is made worse by movement. Range of motion may also be restricted.

If one continues to use the injured joint as before, the healing process will be much longer and tendinitis may become chronic. It can also permanently damage the tissues that make up the tendon and eventually cause it to tear.

Diagnosis

Medical history and a physical examination are generally enough to make a diagnosis. A radiography may be requested to make sure that the bones are not affected. We can also use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound to check the tendon condition. And lastly, if arthritis is suspected, blood tests may prove to be useful.

Treatment

The main objectives when treating tendinitis is to eliminate the pain and reduce the inflammation. In most cases, treatment is simple and involves resting the joint, applying ice and taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatories (e.g., Motrin® or Advil®). Physiotherapy, with ultrasound treatments and strength-building exercises can be beneficial but should be discontinued if the pain continues or worsens. In more severe cases, stronger anti-inflammatories can be prescribed. If the pain persists, a corticosteroid may be injected directly into the joint. This will help alleviate the pain for several weeks. Surgery may be required if the tendon is torn.

Prevention

The key to preventing tendinitis or any other physical injury is to warm up before engaging in any physical activity and to stretch afterwards. It is also important to not increase exercise intensity too quickly.