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Sore throat

Published on April 10, 2025 at 8:00 / Updated on April 25, 2025 at 8:00

Sore throat is usually not serious. One may have a sore throat for a varying lengths of time, and it may be accompanied by other symptoms.

Causes

A sore throat has many causes. In most cases, it will be the result of a viral infection, and less often of a bacterial infection. The best way to prevent contracting or spreading it is to wash your hands frequently. Sore throat can also be a symptom of allergies or due to a dry environment.

Symptoms

Sore throat may be accompanied by a host of other symptoms:

  • Pus in the throat
  • Fever
  • Congestion
  • Runny nose
  • Cough

Treatment

Given that most sore throats are caused by a viral infection, it is unlikely that you will need an antibiotic. An antibiotic will be prescribed only if you have a bacterial infection. As for almost every illness, resting is advisable when one has a sore throat. Here are a few simple measures usually sufficient to relieve the pain:

  • Stay well hydrated
  • Gargle with ½ teaspoon of salt in one cup of water
  • Avoid exposure to irritants (e.g., allergens, smoke)
  • Drink hot or cold beverages, depending on which provides relief
  • Take some honey
  • Take acetaminophen (e.g. Tylenol) or ibuprofen (e.g. Advil)
  • Suck on throat lozenges
  • Rest your voice
  • Use a humidifier

Choosing throat lozenges: throat lozenges provide relief by increasing saliva production. Their effect is often temporary. Antibacterial throat lozenges are not necessary. If you opt for one that has anesthetic properties, avoid drinking hot beverages or eating immediately after having taken one.

When should I see a health care professional?

Consult your health care professional immediately if you have a sore throat and any of the following symptoms:

  • Difficulty breathing
  • Severe difficulty swallowing one's saliva, eating or drinking
  • Pinkish sputum
  • Signs of dehydration
  • Stiff neck

Consult your health care professional as promptly as possible in the following situations:

  • Sore throat lasting more than 7 days
  • White spots at the back of your throat
  • Fever lasting several days
  • Fever of 38.5°C or higher lasting more than 48 hours in a child.

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