Recognizing pyloric stenosis in infants

Some health issues can disrupt normal digestion in infants, and one such condition is pyloric stenosis. This condition involves a thickening of the pyloric muscle, which functions as a valve between the stomach and the small intestine. This thickening blocks the passage of food, causing frequent vomiting and, if left untreated, can lead to dehydration.

What is pyloric stenosis?

Pyloric stenosis occurs when the muscle at the stomach’s exit tightens excessively, leading to forceful vomiting shortly after most meals. These vomits typically lack yellowish-green bile. Babies affected by this condition may appear hungry and eat well but then vomit soon afterward. If the blockage remains, it can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, as food cannot reach the intestine, which is essential for absorbing nutrients and water that the body needs to function.

Causes and risk factors

Les causes exactes de la sténose du pylore ne sont pas bien comprises, mais plusieurs facteurs de risque sont connus :

• Genetic predisposition: This condition is 3 to 4 times more common in boys than in girls.
• Family history: The general risk is around 0.3%, or roughly 3 in 1,000 children. However, infants with a sibling who had pyloric stenosis are at higher risk.
• Age The condition typically develops between 3 and 6 weeks of life, rarely appearing after 3 months.

Symptoms to watch out for

As mentioned earlier, symptoms often appear between 3 and 6 weeks after birth. Warning signs include:

• Projectile vomiting: Your child experiences frequent vomiting, often shortly after feeding.
• Persistent hunger: Your baby seems constantly hungry and eats very well.
• Constipation: Some infants may show signs of constipation.
• Dehydration: It’s important to consult a doctor quickly if your child shows signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth or reduced urination.

Diagnosis

Pyloric stenosis is typically diagnosed through an abdominal ultrasound. During a physical exam, a doctor may feel a small lump in the abdomen, indicating the thickened pyloric muscle. Blood tests might be conducted to assess dehydration.

Unlike gastroesophageal reflux, which also causes frequent vomiting and is common in infants, pyloric stenosis usually results in more forceful vomiting. Additionally, babies with pyloric stenosis tend to remain hungry, while those with reflux often lose their appetite.

Consulting a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and monitoring symptoms, especially signs of dehydration, is essential. Each condition requires a different treatment approach, and a healthcare professional can guide you toward the best options for your child.

Treatment

Treating pyloric stenosis generally involves two steps:

Hydration

IV fluids are given to address dehydration and restore electrolyte balance.

Surgery

A surgical procedure called pyloromyotomy involves making an incision to loosen the pyloric muscle. This 30–40-minute procedure, performed under general anesthesia, typically has excellent outcomes. Infants often go home within 24–48 hours after surgery.

Prevention

Unfortunately, there are no known ways to prevent pyloric stenosis.

If you're concerned about your infant’s vomiting, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for an evaluation.