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Nosebleeds

Published on February 7, 2025 at 8:00 / Updated on February 20, 2025 at 8:00

While nosebleeds (also known as epistaxis) can be scary, they are usually harmless. There are many blood vessels in the lining of the nose. Since they sit close to the surface of the skin, they are easily damaged. Nosebleeds usually start in the septum, the piece of cartilage that separates the nostrils. More rarely, a nosebleed can start in the back of the nose. This type of nosebleed is more serious and harder to treat.

Causes and triggers

Nosebleeds can be caused by many things:

  • Frequent colds
  • Taking nasally administered medications
  • Very dry air
  • Nose picking
  • An injury (from a blow to the face or from a foreign object)
  • A blood clotting disorder or the use of blood thinners
  • Taking recreational drugs through the nose
  • A benign or malignant tumour

Treatment

Most of the time, you can stop a nosebleed by following these steps:

  1. Remain calm, or reassure the person whose nose is bleeding.
  2. Sit up straight and tilt your head slightly forward, keeping it above your heart. DO NOT lie down or tilt your head back. If blood gets in your throat, you may have trouble breathing or vomit.
  3. Gently blow your nose to remove any clots.
  4. Firmly pinch your nostrils shut. Keep pinching for 10 to 15 minutes without letting go.
  5. If your nose hasn't stopped bleeding after 10 to 15 minutes of pressure:
    • Repeat the previous steps. This time, pinch your nose for at least 10 minutes.
  6. Avoid doing the following for a few hours after your nose has stopped bleeding:
    • Carrying heavy loads
    • Bending over
    • Blowing or picking your nose

There are a few simple steps you can take to prevent nosebleeds:

  • Keep your fingernails short.
  • Moisturize the inside of your nose with a saline spray or gel, or apply petroleum jelly.
  • Run a humidifier in your bedroom while you sleep.

When should I see a health care professional?

Consult your health care provider in the following cases:

  • Your nose doesn't stop bleeding even after you follow the steps listed above.
  • The bleeding is caused by a head injury (your nose may be fractured).
  • You have frequent nosebleeds.
  • You are taking blood thinners (e.g., aspirin or anticoagulants).

Do not drive if you lose a lot of blood. Ask someone else to help you. If you feel dizzy, have trouble breathing, or experience chest pains, call 911.

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