Mastitis in Breastfeeding Women
Mastitis is the inflammation of breast tissue happening mostly to breastfeeding women, and particularly in the first two months.
Causes and triggers
Mastitis happens when one or more milk ducts become swollen. This swelling can narrow the milk ducts to the point that the milk can't reach the nipple. It can be further complicated by a bacterial infection, but not always.
The following factors can promote mastitis, but are not necessary for it to develop:
- Damaged nipples
- Incomplete emptying of the breast (e.g., limited, skipped, insufficient feedings, poor latch)
- Overproduction of milk
- Abrupt weaning
- Pressure on the breast (e.g., tight bra)
- Fatigue and stress in the mother
Symptoms
The most common signs and symptoms of mastitis are:
- Hard, warm, swollen, localized lump in the breast
- Fever
- Chills
- Intense fatigue
- Muscle pain
Treatment
If mastitis is not treated quickly, it can cause a painful lump filled with pus (called an abscess). The most important part in treating mastitis is to properly empty the milk ducts. You should breastfeed more often or pump milk, with or without a breast pump. Lactation consultants can provide helpful advice to improve breastfeeding (e.g., how the baby latches onto the breast). Gently massaging the affected area while pumping milk may promote better drainage. Nursing from a breast that has mastitis poses no risk whatsoever to the child. Applying heat (e.g., shower, compresses) before pumping the milk may also help the release of milk. Applying cold afterwards may help reduce pain and inflammation.
Other support measures are essential to the healing process. These include rest, hydration and proper nutrition. Analgesics such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil) are often recommended to help relieve pain and fever. If there is an infection, an antibiotic will be prescribed. Sores on the nipples can be treated with cream. There are drug therapies that are compatible with breastfeeding.
Prevention
Here are some recommendations to help prevent mastitis and its complications:
- Breastfeed when the baby is hungry
- Make sure the baby has a proper latch
- Do not wait too long between feedings and avoid abrupt weaning
- Eat and hydrate properly
- Get plenty of rest
If mastitis symptoms appear, consult your health care professional as soon as possible.
For more information:
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