Jellyfish Stings
Jellyfish are aquatic animals found all around the world. Some even live in freshwater, such as in lakes in Canada. However, these freshwater species are harmless, unlike some marine species.
Their only defence mechanism is a venom found in their tentacles that causes paralysis. When a jellyfish brushes against another animal, a thin tube comes out and pierces its skin. Paralyzing venom is then released from that tube into the other animal. This venom is usually not potent enough to cause paralysis in humans, and is generally the source of superficial damage.
That said, there are some species around the world that can be deadly. Be careful around jellyfish - even those that have washed up on the beach - as detached tentacles can still sting.
Symptoms
The severity of an injury caused by a jellyfish sting is proportionate to the body area affected. Children, more susceptible to the effects of toxins because they are smaller and more sensitive, often have more serious reactions. Here are the main symptoms:
- Upon contact, an electric shock-like sensation
- Then a burning sensation and sharp pain that can increase over 30 to 40 minutes
- Lesions, redness and swelling at contact sites
In more severe cases, pain can be associated with other symptoms. Seek medical help immediately if these symptoms develop in the hours or days following the sting:
- Nausea
- Stomach cramps
- Dizziness
- Vertigo
- Headaches
- Muscle cramps
- Breathing difficulty
- Excessive sweating
Treatment
As soon as you feel the sting, get out of the water as quickly as possible.
- Rinse the area with sea water or saltwater, but do not rub. Vinegar can also be used, except for some specific species. The preferred rinsing liquid may vary depending on the location in the world where the sting occurs. Never use freshwater which could make things worse.
- If tentacles are stuck to the lesion, remove them carefully, making sure you do not touch them with your bare hands (use tweezers or wear gloves).
- If pain persists, take warm or cold baths, depending on what feels the better. Applying an ice pack can also do the trick. You could also apply calamine or cortisone cream, available over the counter.
The area usually heals within a few days or weeks. If pain persists, see your healthcare professional. Here are some things you should NEVER do if you get stung by a jellyfish:
- Do not use a tourniquet.
- Do not cut the skin or try to make it bleed.
- Do not suck out the venom.
Avoid swimming during jellyfish season. Stinger nets are sometimes used, but they do not protect against the small jellyfish. On the other hand, stinger suits seem more effective. Get information about the species present at your destination and follow the recommendations.
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